Content Analog Input #0 - current in µA Analog Input #1 - potential/voltage in mV Analog Output #0 - current clamp (CC) command Analog Output #0 - voltage clamp (VC) command Set the inputs in the protocol editor Set the outputs in the protocol editor Advanced - Telegraphing How to operate npi's TEC-03X with pClamp and Digidata Here is an example of settings and connections using npi's TEC-03X amplifier. Analog Input #0 - current in µA Set CURRENT OUTPUT SENSITIVITY of TEC-03X to 1 V/µA. Connect Analog Input #0 of your Digidata to CURRENT OUTPUT of TEC-03X. Choose an input signal for Analog IN #0 in Lab Bench (e.g. Imemb) and set the signal units to nA, scale factor to 1 V/nA. Back to top. Analog Input #1 - potential/voltage in mV Connect Analog input #1 of your Digidata to POTENTIAL OUTPUT PEL. Choose an input signal for Analog IN #1 in

Introduction to the ELC-03XS Unpacking First setup Offset & bias adjustment Connection to data acquisition Current clamp & bridge balance Voltage clamp & series resistance compensation TTL gating

Introduction to the ELectroPORATOR Unpacking Setting up the instrument Connection to data acquisition Operation modes Offset & capacity compensation Cell approach & electroporation

Videos on TEC-03X: Unpacking First setup Offset & bias adjustment Connection to data acquisition Electrode resistance & current clamp Voltage clamp Tips & Tricks

Content Introduction Equipment Oocyte preparation Recording Additional tips Two Electrode Voltage Clamp in Xenopus oocytes Introduction What is two-electrode voltage clamp? Two-electrode voltage clamp is a recording technique that uses separate electrodes for current injection and voltage measurement into the same cell. Why use two electrodes? Current injection through a microelectrode always leads to a voltage deflection over the electrode’s resistance. While this induces only a minor error in patch clamp recordings, the error becomes larger as the currents increase. In a two electode voltage clamp setup, where we have currents in the µA range and electrode resistances of ~1 MΩ, this voltage deflection is in the range of 1 V or more. So, the error is larger than the signal of interest – here tens of mV. By separating current injection and voltage measurement, we can have in injection of high currents through one electrode and a precise voltage measurement at

Content Background Common sources of noise and interference How to ground your electrophysiology setup How to handle electrostatic discharge (ESD) Reducing noise: trial and error Quick tips for success Grounding and electrostatics guide for electrophysiology setups What is grounding and why is it important? Grounding is the process of creating a stable reference point for electrical systems, called "ground" or "earth." In electrophysiology, where we measure extremely small voltages and currents, grounding is critical. A stable ground ensures accurate measurements and reduces noise or interference in your data. Why do electrophysiology measurements need stable grounds? Electrical measurements rely on comparing voltages between two points. The lowest potential, or ground, is set to 0 volts. If the ground is unstable, all voltage measurements will shift, even if the actual signals remain unchanged. Proper grounding keeps the reference point stable and measurements reliable.   Back to top. Common sources of noise and interference Electromagnetic fields (EMFs) Problem: EMFs